Though thick adobe mission walls provided relief from the warm California sun, they were susceptible to collapse during earthquakes. Many of the mission buildings were built of adobe (sun-dried bricks of mud, clay, water and straw). The first mission started in 1769 and the last was consecrated in 1823, only 25 years before California came under American control. The first nine missions were established by Junipero Serra, while the remaining twelve were established by Serra's successors. Understand Junipero Serra founded the first nine California missions Days of the Padres Įl Camino Real and the missions, pueblos (villages), and presidios (forts) along it, were established by the Franciscan friars to ensure safe passage through California during the late 18th and early 19th centuries, but also to convert the various Native American tribes to Catholicism and to solidify the Spanish claim to the region. A trip along El Camino Real offers a fascinating look into California's history and takes you past scenic coastline, picturesque countryside, and through the heart of the state's largest cities. Stretching over 600 miles (1000 km) from San Diego in the south to Sonoma in the north, the route traverses much of the state and has been a popular traveler itinerary for California motorists for nearly a century. A mission bell marker along El Camino RealĮl Camino Real ( The Royal Road) is a historic road linking the 21 Spanish missions of California.
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